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導言
香港大學美術博物館榮幸呈獻一批早期玻璃容器,以期呈現絲綢之路沿途邦國之工藝及風格融匯。是次佈陳內容選自本館近期獲贈及承蒙借展之玻璃精品,源頭均為西亞或中國。玻璃吹製技術於公元前一世紀由羅馬帝國的腓尼基人建立,然而此次展品之形制,卻與上溯至公元一世紀敘羅巴勒斯坦地區之器形風格,以及公元六世紀之伊斯蘭波斯瓷器及金屬器皿的樣式存在相當關聯,為玻璃製作技術與域外裝飾風格東漸提供重要例證。
自公元後首千年,絲路所孕育之技藝交流、商貿互動方興未艾,其繁茂昌盛,尤其體現於此批文物錯綜複雜的出處與文化軌跡。當中流轉於疆界間的生產技術、器物種類及設計特徵更使之成為趣味盎然的考究課題。此等精緻脆弱的藝術形式數百年來備受珍視,墓葬出土文物中亦不時涵括域外進口和中國本土玻璃器物。
裝飾特色乃來自不同玻璃技藝的成果結晶:匠人以自由無模吹製或模具輔助吹製生產、運用工具塑形,甚或熔接把手或圈足,賦予玻璃豐富多姿的形態。多數展陳器具因長年庋貯於泥土或墓室等酸性或鹼性環境而變質,本為透亮澄明的表面現覆有虹彩薄膜。
Introduction
The University Museum and Art Gallery of the University of Hong Kong is pleased to present an exhibition of early glass vessels that display technological and stylistic influences from countries along the Silk Road. Objects have been selected from a recent donation to UMAG along with additional loan items, which are either of Western Asian or Chinese origin. Though the technique of blowing glass was first developed by the Phoenicians in the Roman Empire in the first century BCE, the design outline of many shapes relates to Syro-Palestinian forms of the first century CE, and to Islamic Persian models found in both ceramic and metalware of the sixth century CE. All of these examples show an eastward dissemination of glass-making techniques and decorative styles.
The international transfer of manufacturing practices, object types and design features make this particular collection of glassware a fascinating subject of study, as the knowledge transfer and trade along the Silk Road since the first millennium CE complicates the artefacts' origins and cultural influences. Interestingly, this fine and fragile artform has been treasured for centuries and excavated objects from tomb sites often include both imported and Chinese items.
The decorative features were achieved by blowing—either freely or with a mould—by manipulating the shape with tools or by attaching handles and foot rings. Over the centuries, many of these glass objects have been compromised by prolonged exposure to acidic or alkaline conditions in the soil or tomb chambers, which has led to an iridescent surface layer indicative of a form of deterioration.
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